Sunday, March 15, 2020
Online MBA Programs In California Essays
Online MBA Programs In California Essays Online MBA Programs In California Essay Online MBA Programs In California Essay Online MBA Programs In Californiaà if youre thinking about doing your MBA program in California Los Angeles is probably one of the first cities that came to your mind with a population of little over 12 million people. Los Angeles has both vast and very beautifulà sun-drenchedà beaches with plenty of Hollywood glamour for those of you that are drawn to the acting culture. One of the top business schools in LA is the UCLA John Anderson School of management located in the Westwood area Anderson has established a strong reputation in finance and entrepreneurship.à Many graduates also end up working in LAs massive entertainment industry. The same is true at the southern California Marshall School of business; Marshall has several MBA options as well as programs all around the world. The third school in the Los Angeles area is Pepperdine, Pepperdine is a Christian university based in the coastal town of Malibu quite a beautiful town I might add, but the business school is located more centrally not far from the LAX international Airport. Drive about two hours south of Los Angeles and youll find San Diego which not only has some of the best weather but also a manufacturing and technology hub with the number of business schools nestled on a hilltop overlooking the ocean youll find the University of San Diego which offers MBA programs with many different concentrations. Just a few miles away you see San Diegois probably better known for its life sciences and oceanography department but its Grady school management offers part-time and full-time MBA programs as well finally San Diego State Universitys graduate school of business offers a few MBA programs including a global entrepreneurship program, a sports business management program. Thats a quick tour of the University seen in Southern California, there are plenty of otherà online MBA programs in Californiaà well worth mentioning that we didnt get to yet so for more information about these programs and other programs in the Southern California area check back often as were constantly adding updates on new schools and universities throughout the country with a focus on a business management degree otherwise known as an MBA. No matter where you decide to get yourà online MBA program in Californiaà youll have some of the most beautiful whether in the country with endless miles of beautiful beaches and sun drenched skies combined with warm friendly people and accredited schools that have history and heritage. Most students who come to California weather to a university or college end up making California their permanent home, its just hard to leave after you have spent several years here in the sunny state. Please click the banner below to go straight to the officialà corresponding university website. 1)à UCLA John Anderson School of Management 2) à California Marshall School of Business 3)à Pepperdine University Business Program 4)à à University of San Diego Business MBA There are many other reputable colleges and universities in Southern California that have accredited MBA programs but these 4 are by far the most popular that have convenient central locations and are well known across the country and the world as students travel from the far reaches of the globe to attend these prestigious universities. Another terrific benefit of these schools is they have online programs that enable you to get your degree in a part-time or full-time capacity without the additional costs associated with an on-campus program.à If youre looking for great online MBA programs in California these universities are a great place to start.
Friday, February 28, 2020
Interview about one's believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Interview about one's believe - Essay Example However, through some difficult circumstances. My mother got in a hospitan with a cancer, when I came home after another party dad told me the news. I was shocked and scared for momââ¬â¢s life. So when I came to a hospital and saw her in such a bad condition, I was desperate and started praying. I remembered how to pray, we used to do it in our church, but thereat, in front of my sick mother, I didnââ¬â¢t feel like what I was saying to God was right. I was irritated, because it seemed to me that God didnââ¬â¢t respond to my prayer. And I promised to Him that I will cut ties with that bad company, if He helps my mother. I understand that it is not really religious to bargain with The Lord, but it actually worked. My momââ¬â¢s surgery was successful, and since then I realized that God is not equal to religion. I donââ¬â¢t know What God is, or probably, there is no possible way for me to get to know Him fully. All I can is to read Bible, because He told people to do so, and try to understand how should I live to please Him. People should understand that our Lord is not something, which forces us to live rightly, no, He gives us freedom to choose, He talks to us, another thing that we usually donââ¬â¢t hear Him. My religion for me itââ¬â¢s a way to surround myself with people who share my views, in addition, I think God hears us better when we get together and pray to Him. Of course, I just think that They are the one, but a kind of play different roles in this world, I canââ¬â¢t explain it, but I know for sure that Jesus saved me, The Lord is my father and best friend, and Holy Spirit is always with me. I believe that I can tell Them anything and They will always understand me, forgive me and show me how to behave in accordance with Their will. Itââ¬â¢s not like They force me to live like They want, I want it, because my life is always better when I feel their constant
Tuesday, February 11, 2020
American Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
American Women - Essay Example The wishes and desires of women are one of the aspects that have been significantly the least bothered and taken care emotions and feelings (Hewitt, 2002). However, by having a glance at the vogue and drift of the American history, it can come under observation that social norms and culture of United States of America has undergone a radical change in the latter half of the last century. With this change, American women experienced revolutionary variations in the behavior and approach of the general population towards women in an array of problems that includes their freedom powers and liberties (Hewitt, 2002). Family came under contemplation as the most important aspect of the American society in the early years of the twentieth century where matrimony and parenthood were the primary and fundamental elements for the American civilization. During this time, the men in the society played a strong dominant role and reached their zenith in bulldozing the women only to underscore their f amily and children as their top-most priority (Hewitt, 2002). The trend of marriage at a very early age without finishing the education came under surveillance also became an essential component of their customs and norms. In addition, the women came under coercing that husband and home is the only imperative and vital facets of life and the governing subjects did not consented women to have their dreams, desires, and objectives. The family was an essential component in the American society but large families with many children was another conventional and emblematic component of it (Kendall, 2001). The era of twentieth century portrayed and depicted a single woman in American society as a very abominable woman, while looking at the broader side of the continuum; a single and pregnant woman came under deliberation as utterly and entirely a contemptible and deplorable person by the society where nobody from the common people residing in the neighborhood welcomed her. Nevertheless, du e to increasing methods of birth control gave the initiation and rise for the need to develop the proper birth prevention medicines (Kendall, 2001). With the growing necessitate of the American women for the pregnancy prevention medicines in conjunction to the growth, expansion and innovation in the field of science, quite a lot of ways and methods have come under development that can prevent the birth control or contraception in women. Birth control pill is one of the oral or the articulated form of counteracting the birth prevention or averting the pregnancy (Kendall, 2001). The interest and the origination of the birth control methods date backs to several decades with a group of scientistsââ¬â¢ experiment of discovering the knowledge about how to prevent the women from being pregnant when she is already having a fetus inside her. However, few years later after the development of these contraceptive pills, the authoritative body responsible for the approval of such activities granted them the permission to launch and bring into play into the market. These pregnancy prevention measures soon became accepted, admired and endorsed amongst women with the passage of time and gave rise to the womenââ¬â¢s right of freedom (Zonderman & Shader, 2006).
Friday, January 31, 2020
Linguistics and Language Teaching. Essay Example for Free
Linguistics and Language Teaching. Essay Introduction Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics. Linguistic theory has traditionally considered native speakers as the only reliable source of linguistic data (Chomsky 1965). It is therefore not surprising to ? nd only a limited number of works focusing on non-native speakers prior to the 1990s. The ?à rst attempt to putââ¬Ë(non)nativismââ¬â¢ onto the centre stage of linguistic inquiry by challenging current undisputed assumptions on the matter was Paikedayââ¬â¢s (1985) The native speaker is dead , in which it is argued that the native speaker ââ¬Ëexists only as a ? gment of linguistââ¬â¢s imaginationââ¬â¢ (Paikeday 1985: 12). Paikeday suggested using the term ââ¬Ëpro? cient userââ¬â¢ of a language to refer to all speakers who can successfully use it. A few years later, Rampton (1990) similarly proposed the term ââ¬Ëexpert speakerââ¬â¢ to include all successful users of a language. Davies (1991, 2003) further delved into ââ¬Ënative speakerââ¬â¢ identity, and thus formulated the key question of whether a second language (L2) learner can become a native speaker of the target language. His conclusion was that L2 learners can become native speaker of the target language and master the intuition, grammar, spontaneity, creativity, pragmatic control, and interpreting quality of ââ¬Ëbornââ¬â¢ native speakers. Generally, English educated Malaysians of all ethnic and family language background speak and move alike. However, with the implementation of the national language policy of Bahasa Malaysia as the national language of Malaysia and as the language of instruction, (except in the cases of Chinese or Tamil medium primary schools), the status of English Language in Malaysia is different from the earlier years. The English language covered a continuum from first language through second language to a foreign language. Bahasa Malaysia is replacing English in most of its previous functions, but English may be expected to remain as a continuum from second language to foreign language according to the background and occupation of the speaker. In Malaysia, presently the use of English is less common than in Singapore and is likely to decrease steadily with the implementation of the national language policy. However, English still remains as a language of considerable importance and is still being used in various spheres of everyday activity. The role of English has changed from its earlier status as the precise language of the colonial era and the decades after the Second World War to a second language. At the moment, it is still considered as an international code to be used for diplomatic and commercial negotiations and as a language necessary in many fields of tertiary study and research. Not surprisingly, the non-native English language speakers among Malaysians make grammatical mistakes from time to time. These usually happened among Malaysian adult students and even among some Malaysian English teachers. 1. The transcript of a recorded conversation. The following excerpt is a recorded conversation among teachers and will be analysed of the mistakes made by some teachers during discussion. Our discussion was on the quality and effectiveness of a programme called ââ¬ËProgram Penutur Jatiââ¬â¢ or English Language Teacher Development Project (ELTP). Briefly, the aim of the project is to enhance the lower primary ESL teachersââ¬â¢ ability to plan and deliver quality English lessons based on the new National English Language Curriculum in 600 schools across East Malaysia. The teachers involved in discussion come from various races, ethnic groups, ages and teaching experiences. Kamel : That is my opinion. I donââ¬â¢t know yours. Ok. Chairperson : I agree . laugh Kamel : But , as I said just now. I donââ¬â¢t like that the fixture.. ok. For example aaaa as my mentor come to our school .. every Monday ok.. my class start at nine oââ¬â¢clock. 7. 30.. that mean one and half hour include the preparation for my lesson, so I donââ¬â¢t think that I have an ample time for me to prepare the things ok . Moreover, the one hour and one and half hour is the .. for all to prepare.. the whole week not only , the one day. So I donââ¬â¢t think that will be effective. Chairperson: Emmmm Kamel : So Chairperson : Did you tell him about it? Kamel: Aaaaaa So far not yet. Chairperson : Do you have the chance to talk about it. Kamel : Because, I donââ¬â¢t have any.. I donââ¬â¢t have the opportunity to.. Chairperson : Then, you should tell him. Kamel ; I was thinking. Why donââ¬â¢t the mentors like them to be .. have qualification in teaching, so that they can come to the trainee teachers training college rather than Chairperson : For your information, ahh Chairperson : Overall, it seems to be working with you Naga : The ideas (cough) is good and different he is friendly. Chairperson : So.. ahh. If supposing .. You have a mentor to this.. who doesnââ¬â¢t speak.. doesnââ¬â¢t speak like Morrocan. Alright Naemah : Yehhh Chairperson: Right.. Alright, if.. Chairperson: Who? Chairperson : Madam Soya? She is from where? Others : Bulgaria.. (together) Chairperson : Bulgaria? Does she have the accent? Chairperson: What do you think? Do you think | 2. Common grammatical mistakes and errors by non-native English speakers. The types of errors can be categorised into two: descriptive and surface structures. Descriptive errors include noun phrase, verb phrase and complex sentence. While surface structure errors include omission, addition, misinformation, misordering and blends. After analysing the recorded conversation, there are few mistakes or errors made by Mr. Kamel during the said discussion. a. The use of unmarked forms instead of marked forms is far more frequent, as can be seen in the examples as follows. * I donââ¬â¢t know yours. * I donââ¬â¢t know about you. * .. as I said just now. * .. as I have said just now. One possible cause of these errors is merely interlingual errors which is the result of mother tongue influences ââ¬ËSaya tak tahu awak punyaââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ë seperti yang saya kata tadi. ââ¬â¢ respectively. In his article, ââ¬ËA Role for the Mother Tongueââ¬â¢ in ââ¬ËLanguage Transfer in Language Learningââ¬â¢, Professor Corder (1981) reinvestigated the phenomenon and questions the term ââ¬Ëtransferââ¬â¢. He suggests that mother tongue influence as a neutral and broader term to refer to what has most commonly been called transfer. Corder says that since most studies of error were made on the basis of the performance of learners in formal situations where it appears that errors related to mother tongue are more frequent, it was natural that an explanation of the phenomenon was of considerable concern to the applied linguistic. It was out of this concern that the whole industry of contrastive studies arose. He also claims that as far as the acquisition of syntactic knowledge is concerned, no process appropriately called interference takes place, if by that we mean that the mother tongue actually inhibits, prevents, or makes more difficult the acquisition of some feature of the target language. The term ââ¬Ëinterferenceââ¬â¢ is now most often used to mean what is no more than the presence in the learnerââ¬Ës performance in the target language of mother-tongue-like features which are incorrect according to the rules of the target language. b. Obviously. Mr. Kamel has the problem in pronouncing certain words especially in the pronunciation of the initial sound of common words like the, there, then and that. It is also the middle consonant sound in feather and the final sound of bathe. These sounds are formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth. The initial sound of that and the final sound of both are both voiceless dental. This problem arises because Mr Kamelââ¬â¢s tongue is not merely touches the teeth. Thus, his pronunciation of these particular words are incorrect. Besides, difficulty in phonology can caused by mother tongue interference. Eltrug (1984) affirmed that mother tongue interference can contribute to a large number of pronunciation errors made by students. An English sound does exist in the native language, but not as separate phonemes. This simply means the first language speakers do not perceive it as a distinct sound that makes difference to meaning. For example The sound /? / does exist in Malay, but whether the vowel is long or short does not make any difference in meaning. For instance, the English phonemes/? / and /i:/ differ very much in meaning as in the words ââ¬Ëleaveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëliveââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ësheepââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëshipââ¬â¢. The great amount of vocabulary of English really makes the second language learner suffer in reading. There is a lot of words unknown and the most confusing point is even the second language learner know the meaning but they canââ¬â¢t really understand the meaning of the whole sentence. It is because an English word gives different impressions in different situations. This makes things so confusing about the meaning of the word. Grammatical interference is defined as the first language influencing the second in terms of word order, use of pronouns and determinants, tense and mood. Interference at a lexical level provides for the borrowing of words from one language and converting them to sound more natural in another and orthographic interference includes the spelling of one language altering another. In Malay grammar, it does not require one to have any form of determiner in front of instruments like computer, piano, internet. English grammar, however, requires the instruments mentioned above (computer, piano, internet) to be preceded by determiners and if neither a possessive determiner nor a demonstrative determiner is used, the use of either a definite article or an indefinite article is necessary. Thus, the ungrammatical sentences in could be the result of interference of the cultural transfer from Malay language structure on English. Erroneous form| Correct form| She plays piano while I sing. Malay: Dia bermain piano sementara saya menyanyi. | She plays the piano while I sing | She stay at home. Malay : Dia tinggal di rumah | She stays at home. | Table 1 : Examples of interference from the learnersââ¬â¢ first language. c. Subjects also exhibited errors in subject-verb agreement as is shown in the examples as follows: * Every Monday, my class start at nine oââ¬â¢clock. * Every Monday, my class starts at nine oââ¬â¢clock. The omission of ââ¬Å"-sâ⬠can be attributed to the fact that Bahasa Malaysia does not require verbs to agree with subjects. However, the ending free form is generalised for all persons to make the learning task easier and this is a common intralingual made by people with diverse native languages like Mr Kamel. 3. Causes and sources of errors and mistakes Interlingual errors are the result of mother tongue influences. Learners transfer/borrow some forms but not others due to two factors such as proto-typicality and language distance (Kellerman, 1979). Malay learners of English commonly make errors in negative sentences. For example: Adryna no coming today. [Adryna tak datang hari ini. ] Such errors are common in pre-verbal negation using no, the same negative construction as in their L1. In order to determine whether transfer is the cause for the occurrence of errors, James (1998), demonstrates that learners with a particular L1 make an error that those with a different L1 do not. He provides a useful summary of these strategies which includes the following; a. False analogy b. Misanalysis c. Incomplete rule application exploiting redundancy d. Overlooking co-occurrence restrictions e. System-simplification It is not clear which strategy is responsible for a particular error. Errors can also be viewed as ââ¬Ënaturalââ¬â¢ or as ââ¬Ëinducedââ¬â¢. For example: a. He played football yesterday. b. He goed home at six. c. He drinked milk. d. He eated dinner. e. He sleeped at eight. Conclusion To conclude, learnersââ¬â¢ errors are a part of the learnersââ¬â¢ language learning process. Hence, teachers should not penalise students for the errors they made. Instead, teachers should note those errors and devise ways to assist learners to overcome their problems in language learning. It is difficult to decide whether grammatically or acceptability should serve as the criterion for error analysis. If grammatically is chosen, an error can be defined as ââ¬Ëbreach of the rule of the codeââ¬â¢ (Corder, 1967). Defining errors in terms of grammatically also necessitates giving consideration to the distinction between overt and covert error: In the field of methodology, there are two schools of thought with regard to learnersââ¬â¢ error. Firstly, the school which maintains that if we were to achieve a perfect teaching method, the errors would have never be committed and therefore the occurrence of errors is merely a sign of inadequacy in our teaching techniques. The philosophy of the second school is that we live in an imperfect world and consequently errors will always occur in spite of our very best teaching and learningà methods. One effect has been perhaps to shift the emphasis away from a preoccupation with teaching towards a study of learning. The differences between the two are clearly defined: that the learning of the mother tongue is natural, whereas, we all know that there is no such inevitability about the learning of a second language; that the learning of the mother tongue is part of the whole maturational process of the child, whilst learning a second language normally begins only after the maturational process is complete. A childââ¬â¢s incorrect utterances can be interpreted as being evidence that he is in the process of acquiring language and the errors provide these evidences. Brown and Frazer (1964), point out that the best evidence a child possesses construction rules is the occurrence of systematic errors, since when the child speaks correctly, it is quite possible that he is only repeating something that he has heard. In the case of the second language learner, it is known that we do know some knowledge of what the input has been which we call as the syllabus. The simple fact of presenting a certain linguistic form to a learner in the classroom does not necessarily qualify it for the status of input, for the reason that input ââ¬Ëis what goes inââ¬â¢, not ââ¬Ëwhat is availableââ¬â¢ for going in, and we may reasonably suppose that it is the learner who controls this input. This may well be determined by the characteristics of his language acquisition mechanism and not by those of the syllabus. References Mariam Mohd Nor, Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Shubbiah, R (2008). OUM-Linguistics and Language Teaching. Seri Kembangan, Selangor. Open University Malaysia. Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learnersââ¬â¢ errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, 161-70. Corder, S. P. (1981). Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ames, C. (1998). Errors in language learning and use: Exploring error analysis. London: Longman. Kellerman, E. (1979). Transfer and non-transfer: Where are we now? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2: 37-57. Eltrug, N. S. (1984). Analysis of the Arab Learners Errors in Pronunciation of English Utterances in Isolation and Context. Ph. D Dissertation. The University of Kansas. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Paikeday, T. (1985). The native speaker is dead! Toronto: Paikeday Publishing. Rampton, M. B. H. (1990). Displacing the ââ¬Ënative speakerââ¬â¢: Expertise, af? liation, and inheritance. ELT Journal 44. 2, 97ââ¬â101. Davies, A. (1991). The native speaker in applied linguistics . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Davies, A. (2003). The native speaker of World Englishes. Journal of Pan-Paci? c Association of Applied Linguistics 6. 1, 43ââ¬â60
Thursday, January 23, 2020
The Open Boat Essay -- Literary Analysis, Stephen Crane
ââ¬Å"When it came night, the white waves passed to and fro in the moonlight, and the wind brought the sound of the great seaââ¬â¢s voice to the men on the shore, and they felt they could then be interpretersâ⬠(Crane 370). ââ¬Å"The Open Boat,â⬠written by Stephen Crane, describes the journey of four men stranded in a dinghy in the middle of the ocean and the hardships that had to be faced in order to survive. This story is not only a riveting story, keeping readers on the edge of their seat, but the story also makes the reader realize how precious life truly is. Sometimes people have a tendency to take life as a grain of salt and do not think about the realization that life can be taken away within the blink of an eye. As in ââ¬Å"The Open Boat,â⬠the crew members learned they could not survive alone, and their only option was to work together as a team. We need to have that same perspective toward our everyday life when we, or someone we see, are struggling. The Captain is a major character in the story, and his character holds the other crew members heads up keeping them motivated during times of distress. He was the captain on the original boat, but after the boat sank, he become injured and could not physically participate in keeping the dinghy afloat. In the beginning, the captain feels that he has lost his sense of direction due to not being used to letting others take charge. Without his sense of authority intact, he feels disconnected from the world, and his spirit becomes dismantled. However, since he was not able to contribute in the way he preferred, he led the way by giving specific instructions to the other characters in order to keep the dinghy afloat. Every member on the boat follows his directions. He commands very respectably. This... ...ibing two different qualities that is being used together in the same statement. In summary, ââ¬Å"The Open Boatâ⬠is a highly intriguing story that can not only be read for pure enjoyment, but it also has a moral to the story. No matter where someone comes from in life, whether someone is the richest or the poorest person on Earth, he or she should always make sure to make it a point to look out for someone and have their back when they are struggling. By looking out for each other, just as they did in ââ¬Å"The Open Boat,â⬠they created strong everlasting friendships. If someone is being looked out for by someone else, then that person will make a point to return the favor as well. Life is just like the ocean. We might have our ups and our downs, but life never changes. The only thing that will affect the outcome of our lives is the perspective that we put toward our life.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Maf 640
C)What would you do if you were Datin Timah? * Be innovative, go for incremental & radical innovations, be creative, think out of the box, invent, innovate, imitate. SHOW & TELL US WHAT YOU PLAN TO DO. If we were Datin Timah given the option whether to take up the Guardianââ¬â¢s offer or just sell off the business to the Watson, we will take up the Guardianââ¬â¢s offer rather than sell off to the Watson. This is due to the profit betterment. If we take up Watsonââ¬â¢s offer, we can only get the short term profit and we cannot longer be in the industry.However, if we take up the Guardianââ¬â¢s offer, we can have the long term profit and we can sustain in the industry since the Guardian will help us in supplying our product to end customer. Furthermore, Guardian will not interfere in the management of Orang Kampung since their focused only to the product. Beside, they are willing to assist Orang Kampung in Research & Development and also production because they have the exp ertise. We can say that was the golden opportunity for the Orang Kampung to expand their market and target market.To sustain in the market, one product need to move together with the time, therefore, if before this Orang Kampung not concerned about how they package their product, now, they need to concerned since attractive packaging one of the important marketing strategy that able to catch up the customer and able to compete with other competitorââ¬â¢s product. Datin Timah is very conservative and holds to traditional way in making the product, so, she does not believe in revamping traditional medicine into modern pills and capsules, because according to her the purity of the traditional medicine will be contaminated with the toxic-chemicals.From our point of view, we believe that research and development team have a way how to maintain the traditional taste and benefit of the traditional medicine but still can modernized it so that it can compete with other modern medicine. Ho wever, if Datin Timah still doesnââ¬â¢t have faith with the team we suggest that she open an outlet in where she herself serves the product in traditional way where we believe that the traditional way is by boil the herbs and roots.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ), Technology, And...
In todayââ¬â¢s society, the pace is tremendously fast. With that, a change occurs constantly and creates a race to be above the curve and a step ahead of the trending movement. In the business world, we are interconnected throughout continents with interdependent economies and enterprises. Some of these changes that effect the management of companies include corporate social responsibility (CSR), technology, and diversity. Corporate social responsibility, or CSR, has been conceptualized rather broadly as the managerial obligation to take action to protect and improve both the welfare of society as a whole and the interest of organizations. In recent years, corporate social responsibility has been becoming increasingly important and is heldâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The theory is if they are in good standings, it can benefit them in many ways. One way is that consumers are more willing to purchase from a company after information of their CSR is out and can see that it is an et hical company (Mcguire, Sundgren, Schneeweis, 1988). Low social responsibility, on the other hand, may encourage some stakeholders to doubt the ability of a firm to honor implicit claims and may increase the number of a firmââ¬â¢s more costly explicit claims. Moreover, Bowman and Haire suggest that stakeholders and stock and bondholders see CSR as correlating to management skill. The theory is that reputation is an investment and through positive CSR, financial performance will increase accordingly. However, there have been various arguments regarding the relationship between a firmââ¬â¢s social responsibility and its performance outcome (Sankar, 2001). One argument is that firms face trade-offs between their social responsibility and financial gain. Those who believe this propose that the incur costs firms have to pay for their socially responsible actions put them at an economic disadvantage compared to others. These additional costs include actions such as charitable contri butions, promoting community development plans, etc. Another view is that the explicit cost of a corporateââ¬â¢s social responsible duties are minimal and that they ultimately benefit in doing so with an increase in employee morale and
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